Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere: Everything You Need to Know

Introduction

Did you know that Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere is one of the oldest and most charming squares in Rome? Located in the heart of the Trastevere district, this square is home to the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere, one of the first churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary and one of the most beautiful examples of medieval art and architecture in the city. The square also hosts a fountain that dates back to the ancient times and has witnessed many historical events and legends. Whether you are looking for a place to admire stunning mosaics, enjoy a lively atmosphere, or learn more about the rich history of Rome, Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere is a must-see destination for you.

Historical Context

The history of Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere goes back to the origins of Rome itself. According to tradition, this was the site where a miraculous fountain of oil sprang from the ground on the day of Jesus' birth, announcing the coming of the Messiah. The fountain was located near a tavern where retired soldiers used to gather, and it attracted the attention of Emperor Alexander Severus, who granted the land to the Christians for their worship.

In the third century, Pope Callixtus I built a house-church on this site, which was later enlarged by Pope Julius I in the fourth century. The church was dedicated to Santa Maria, making it one of the first Marian shrines in Rome. The church was rebuilt several times over the centuries, reaching its current form in the 12th century under Pope Innocent II, who commissioned the magnificent mosaics that adorn the façade and the apse. The mosaics depict scenes from the life of Mary and Jesus, as well as saints and popes associated with the church. The mosaics are considered masterpieces of Romanesque art and reflect the influence of Byzantine and Islamic styles.

The square in front of the church also underwent many changes over time. In the ancient times, it was part of a larger area called Campus Martius, where many public buildings and monuments were located. In the Middle Ages, it became a popular meeting place for locals and pilgrims, who gathered around the fountain to drink, wash, or socialize. The fountain is one of the oldest in Rome and has been restored several times by different popes. The current shape dates back to the 17th century, when Carlo Fontana added four large shells facing inward to collect water from four jets. The fountain is decorated with inscriptions that tell its history and with dolphins and masks that recall its ancient origins.

Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere has witnessed many historical events and legends over the centuries. It was here that Saint Francis of Assisi preached to the people of Rome in 1212, inspiring many conversions and vocations. It was also here that Cola di Rienzo, a popular leader who tried to restore the Roman Republic in the 14th century, was killed by an angry mob after his failed attempt. According to legend, it was also here that Pope Urban VIII had a vision of a dragon flying over Rome in 1633, which he interpreted as a sign of impending calamity. The dragon was later identified as a comet that passed close to Earth that year.

Architectural Features

The Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere is one of the oldest and most charming squares in Rome, located in the heart of the Trastevere district. The square is dominated by the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere, which is considered the first church in Rome dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus. The basilica dates back to the 3rd century, when Pope Callixtus I founded a house-church on the site of a former tavern. The basilica was rebuilt several times over the centuries, and its current appearance reflects the Romanesque style of the 12th century, with a beautiful mosaic facade by Pietro Cavallini depicting scenes from the life of Mary.

The square also features a fountain, which is one of the oldest monumental fountains in Rome. The fountain was originally built in the 1st century BC, and was restored and enlarged by various popes over time. The fountain has a polygonal basin with two smaller basins on top, and four shells facing inwards. The fountain is decorated with dolphins, masks, and coats of arms.

On one side of the square, adjacent to the basilica, is the Palazzo San Callisto, a 17th-century palace owned by the Holy See. The palace was built by Cardinal Scipione Borghese, and was later used as a residence for cardinals and popes. The palace has a Baroque facade with a balcony and a portal.

Iconic Buildings

The most iconic building in the square is undoubtedly the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere, which is a masterpiece of medieval art and architecture. The basilica has a nave and two aisles, separated by 22 granite columns taken from ancient Roman buildings. The ceiling is decorated with gold stucco and paintings by Domenichino and Pietro da Cortona. The apse contains a stunning mosaic from the 13th century by Pietro Cavallini, depicting the Coronation of the Virgin surrounded by angels and saints.

The basilica also houses many artistic treasures, such as the 12th-century icon of the Madonna della Clemenza, attributed to a Byzantine painter; the 13th-century tabernacle by Arnolfo di Cambio; the 15th-century tomb of Cardinal Stefaneschi by Andrea Bregno; and several chapels adorned with frescoes by artists such as Pinturicchio, Peruzzi, and Fontana.

Another iconic building in the square is the Palazzo San Callisto, which has a rich history and a prominent role in the Vatican administration. The palace hosts several offices of the Roman Curia, such as the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, and the Pontifical Council for Culture. The palace also serves as an extraterritorial property of the Holy See, enjoying diplomatic immunity and privileges.

Tips and Recommendations

The Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere is a lively and picturesque spot to visit during any time of the day or night. The square is always bustling with locals and tourists, who enjoy sitting at one of the many cafes or restaurants that line the square, or watching street performers and artists. The square is especially charming at night, when the fountain and the basilica are illuminated by soft lights.

The square is also a great starting point to explore the rest of Trastevere, one of the most characteristic and authentic neighborhoods in Rome. Trastevere is known for its narrow cobblestone streets, colorful buildings, medieval churches, hidden courtyards, and bohemian atmosphere. Trastevere offers many attractions for visitors, such as the Botanical Garden, the Villa Farnesina, the Church of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, and the Gianicolo Hill.

Some tips and recommendations for visiting the Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere are:

• The best way to reach the square is by public transport, as parking can be difficult and expensive in Trastevere. You can take bus number 23 or tram number 8 from Largo Argentina or Piazza Venezia.
• The basilica is open every day from 7:30 am to 9 pm. Admission is free, but you need to dress modestly and respect the silence inside. You can also join a guided tour or an audio guide to learn more about the history and art of the basilica.
• The fountain is a popular meeting point and a place to relax and cool off in the summer. However, be careful not to drink from the fountain, as the water is not potable. You can also toss a coin into the fountain and make a wish, following the Roman tradition.
• The square is surrounded by many shops, bars, and restaurants, where you can enjoy the local cuisine and nightlife. Some of the best places to eat and drink in the square are: Antica Pesa, a historic restaurant serving traditional Roman dishes; Bar San Calisto, a cheap and cheerful bar popular with students and artists; and Freni e Frizioni, a trendy cocktail bar with a terrace overlooking the square.

Conclusion

The Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere is one of the most beautiful and charming places in Rome, where you can experience the history, culture, and spirit of the Eternal City. The square is a must-see for anyone who wants to discover the medieval and artistic heritage of Rome, as well as the lively and authentic atmosphere of Trastevere. The square is also a perfect spot to enjoy a coffee, a meal, or a drink, while admiring the stunning views of the basilica and the fountain. The Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere is a place that will make you fall in love with Rome.